Canada

Canada (/ˈkænədə/; French: [kanadɑ]) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver.

Canada
http://adf.ly/1nu0rehttp://adf.ly/1nu0re
Flag
Motto: A Mari Usque Ad Mare  (Latin)
(English: "From Sea to Sea")
Anthem: "O Canada"

Royal anthem: "God Save the Queen"[1]

Capital Ottawa
45°24′N 75°40′W
Largest city Toronto
Official languages
English French
Ethnic groups
Ethnic demography
76.7% White
14.2% Asian
4.3% Indigenous
2.9% Black
1.2% Latin American
0.5% Multiracial
0.3% Other[2]
Religion
List of religions
67.2% Christianity
23.9% Non-religious
3.2% Islam
1.5% Hinduism
1.4% Sikhism
1.1% Buddhism
1.0% Judaism
0.6% Other -[3]
Demonym Canadian
Government Federal parliamentary
constitutional monarchy[4]
• Monarch
Elizabeth II
• Governor General
David Johnston
• Prime Minister
Justin Trudeau
• Chief Justice
Beverley McLachlin
Legislature Parliament
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
House of Commons
Independence from the United Kingdom
• Confederation
July 1, 1867
• Statute of Westminster
December 11, 1931
• Patriation
April 17, 1982
Area
• Total area
9,984,670 km2 (3,855,100 sq mi) (2nd)
• Water (%)
8.92
• Total land area
9,093,507 km2 (3,511,023 sq mi)
Population
• 2016 census
35,151,728[5] (38th)
• Density
3.92/km2 (10.2/sq mi) (228th)
GDP (PPP) 2016 estimate
• Total
$1.672 trillion[6] (15th)
• Per capita
$46,199[6] (20th)
GDP (nominal) 2016 estimate
• Total
$1.529 trillion[7] (10th)
• Per capita
$40,409[6] (15th)
Gini (2012) 31.6[8]
medium · 20th[9]
HDI (2015) 0.920[10]
very high · 10th
Currency Canadian dollar ($) (CAD)
Time zone (UTC−3.5 to −8)
• Summer (DST)
 (UTC−2.5 to −7)
Date format
dd-mm-yyyy
mm-dd-yyyy
yyyy-mm-dd (CE)
Drives on the right
Calling code +1
ISO 3166 code CA
Internet TLD .ca
Various indigenous peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French claims were made on the area, with the colony of Canada first being established by the French in 1535 during Jacques Cartier's second voyage to New France. As a consequence of various conflicts, Great Britain gained and lost territories within British North America until it was left, in the late 18th century, with what mostly geographically comprises Canada today. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1, 1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia joined to form the semi-autonomous federal Dominion of Canada. This began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada.

In 1931, Canada achieved near-total independence from the United Kingdom with the Statute of Westminster 1931, but at the time, Canada decided to allow the British Parliament to temporarily retain the power to amend Canada's constitution, on request from the Parliament of Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over that authority (as the conclusion of Patriation), removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the British Parliament, giving the country full sovereignty.

Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional mon